Databases — B.A.C.U.

Databases
and apps

Every B.A.C.U. research programme ends in the same place: an open, searchable inventory of buildings and artworks, plotted on an interactive map. Seven platforms are online. Each one can be browsed in a web browser or carried around on a phone.

SocHeritageSH

socheritage.net

The umbrella platform for socialist architecture and art, 1933–1991

Run by B.A.C.U. with the support of ICOMOS ISC20C, SocHeritage argues that socialist-era buildings and artworks belong on the lists of cultural landmarks and historic monuments. It gathers what is needed to make that case: location, current state of conservation, the authors, and the planning and building history of each site.

Alongside the case studies, sorted by country, the site holds articles, documents and publications — a working library of scholarship on the architecture of the period.

The platform is built collectively. Architects, planners, historians, conservationists, artists and activists are invited to send in neighbourhoods, buildings, monuments, parks and cultural landscapes, with the address included, or to post them with the hashtag #SOCHERITAGE. Contributions are published on the site and added to the interactive map under the contributor’s name.

Period covered
1933–1991
Territory
CEE, Central Asia and beyond
Supported by
ICOMOS ISC20C
Contributions
Open to the public

Socialist ModernismSM

socialistmodernism.com

Socialist modernist architecture of the former Eastern bloc, 1955–1991

The main platform of the programme: neighbourhoods, buildings, monuments, parks, squares and green areas built across Central and Eastern Europe. Records carry location, current condition, designers and history.

The app is collaborative — you can find a site near you, or add one that is missing.

Period covered
1955–1991
Territory
Central & Eastern Europe
Contributions
Open to the public

Socialist Modernism Romania & MoldovaROMD

romd.socialistmodernism.com

Socialist modernist architecture in Romania and the Republic of Moldova, 1955–1989/91

Built on field research carried out between 2013 and 2018 across both countries, with the aim of adding the most valuable structures to the national lists of historic monuments. The same research appears in the guide Modernist Socialist Architecture — Romania and the Republic of Moldova (2018) and the album Socialist Modernism in Romania and the Republic of Moldova (2017).

Entries
305
Research
2013–2018
Sections
8, by function
Codes
ELCATSHU

Socialist RealismSR

socialistrealism.org

Socialist realist, neo-classicist and Stalinist architecture in Romania and the Republic of Moldova, 1944–1955/58

Seven years of survey work, 2013–2020. Published alongside the architectural guides Realist-Socialist Architecture — Bucharest and Realist-Socialist Architecture — Chisinau, both 2020.

Entries
121
Research
2013–2020
Sections
8, by function
Codes
ELCATSHU

Soc Monumental ArtMA

socmonumentalart.com

Socialist monumental art in Romania and the Republic of Moldova, 1955–1989/91

Mosaics, frescoes, sgraffito, reliefs, sculpture, fountains, decorated bus stops, town gateway signs, stained glass and tapestry — documented between 2013 and 2019. Each work is filed with its date, authors and location, so the map doubles as an identification tool in the field.

Entries
202
Research
2013–2019
Sections
By art form
Codes
MQRSFDGT

Defense ArchitectureDA

defensearchitecture.org

Military heritage of Romania — forts, batteries and war memorials, 1882–1916

The Bucharest fortified belt and the Focșani–Nămoloasa–Galați fortified region, surveyed from 2012 to 2020. The project also runs the listing procedures under Law 422/2001 that would place one fort and three batteries of the Bucharest system on the Historic Monuments List.

Entries
40+
Research
2012–2020
Structures
Forts and batteries
Typology
12345

Defense ArchitectureBS

blacksea.defensearchitecture.org

The Black Sea Defense Front — military architecture built on Romanian territory, 1939–1944

The newest database in the Defense Architecture programme, launched together with local specialists. It documents and archives the coastal defence works raised during the Second World War, and opens them to researchers and to anyone interested in military heritage.

Period covered
1939–1944
Territory
Romanian coast
Programme
Defense Architecture
Launched
2024

What the files
have produced

Documentation is not the end of it. Each of these databases exists to produce listing files, and the files are what change a building’s legal status.

Listed 2022

State Circus, Chișinău

Ala Kiricenko, Simion Shoihet and Anatol Colotovkin, 1981. B.A.C.U. began the file in 2016; the National Council of Historic Monuments voted unanimously in August 2019, and the building entered the Register of State-Protected Monuments by decision of the Parliament of the Republic of Moldova on 19 May 2022. In Moldova a change to the Register requires an act of the legislature.

Listing announcement  ·  Database entry

Listed 2025

Telephone Palace, Cluj-Napoca

Vasile Mitrea, 1969, with a further storey added later — a glazed facade, travertine, and prefabricated concrete panels with geometric motifs, in the historic centre of Cluj. The listing file was proposed and prepared by B.A.C.U., by Ruxandra Nemțeanu, Sorina Varenic and Dumitru Rusu, and approved unanimously by the National Commission for Historical Monuments in 2019. The owner contested it, and the decision took six more years to take effect: Order 3177/2020 was signed on 27 June 2025 and published in the Official Gazette no. 604 the same day, listing the building as Category II, architecture, monument, Group B.

The building is badly decayed, its facades vandalised and pieces of it gone — the sculpture signed “V.M.” was sold for scrap. Listing gave the state a right of first refusal, and Cluj-Napoca City Hall then moved to buy it. B.A.C.U. is arguing for full restoration to the original materials and colours.

Database entry

In procedure

Bucharest fortified belt

Through the Defense Architecture programme, procedures are running under Law 422/2001 that would place one fort and three batteries of the Bucharest fortification system on the Historic Monuments List.

Defense Architecture

Saved

Lecture-hall mosaics, Technical University of Moldova

Three mosaics on the lecture-hall buildings in Chișinău. Two were covered over with polystyrene insulation during refurbishment. The third survives because B.A.C.U. intervened with the university in time. Two out of three — and they were lost not to demolition or to ideology but to routine energy-efficiency work carried out by people who did not know the artwork was there.

Heritage alert  ·  Database entry

Active alerts

Cases where the record exists, the value is established, and the legal protection is not there yet. These are open.

ICOMOS 2026 Socialist Realism

Republican Stadium Complex, Chișinău

Two main gates, three secondary gates with allegorical decoration, the administrative building and the surviving perimeter walls, built 1950–51 and 1955–56. The stadium itself was demolished from 2007; these are what is left, and they are a rare surviving example of early post-war socialist realist sports architecture in Eastern Europe.

ICOMOS and the ISC20C issued a Heritage Alert on 4–5 May 2026, after the grounds were sold for the new U.S. Embassy. The Alert asks for something more durable than an assurance: legal recognition of each structure in its own right, rather than the general protection of the historic area it sits in, and no demolition, dismantling or relocation until that is settled. The case rests on B.A.C.U. documentation.

The State Chancellery acknowledged receipt on 7 May and passed the matter to the Ministry of Culture; the Office of the President did the same on 11 May. The Ministry replied on 17 June, undertaking to avoid irreversible interventions while the heritage documentation is examined, and offering to draw on the expertise of ICOMOS, the ISC20C and ICOMOS Moldova. Under the Madrid–New Delhi Document, ICOMOS assesses twentieth-century heritage on its architectural and historical qualities, independently of the political circumstances that produced it.

ICOMOS Heritage Alert  ·  Press release (PDF)  ·  Database entry

ICOMOS 2023 Socialist Modernism

Hotel Național, Chișinău

A. Gorbunțov and V. Șalaghinov, 1974, on Bd. Ștefan cel Mare și Sfânt. B.A.C.U. prepared the listing file in 2016 and resubmitted it in 2019. The building is still not in the Register, and the correspondence shows exactly what that costs.

In January 2019 the city council granted the owner a land-use contract for a multifunctional complex to be built, in the wording of the contract, at the expense of demolishing the existing building. The architectural and urban planning council accepted the demolition in March 2021, and a demolition permit was issued that June.

B.A.C.U., ICOMOS Moldova and the ISC20C petitioned the municipality in October 2021. The reply of 23 December 2021 is the clearest statement of the problem anywhere in these files: the local authority wrote that it was not entitled to refuse a demolition permit, because the building carried no registered special status and no encumbrance, and that the matter therefore rested with the owner.

The Ministry of Culture replied on 1 July 2022. Citing the listing file submitted by B.A.C.U. and the ISC20C’s submission, which it accepted as certifying the outstanding cultural and architectural value of the building, it stated that it was preparing the documentation to initiate inscription in the Register of state-protected monuments under article 18(3) of Law 1530/1993, and undertook to give notice of the date. The demolition did not go ahead. Four years on, the procedure has still not been initiated.

ISC20C Heritage Alert  ·  Database entry

B.A.C.U. 3 / 2026 20th-century monitoring

Palace of the “Steaua Română” company, Câmpina

Update, 4 September 2026. The Prahova County Directorate for Culture has opened the listing procedure. The building is now subject to the legal regime of a historic monument for the duration of the procedure, up to twelve months, and any intervention requires the Directorate’s approval. This is what the alert asked for. The clock is running.

Six building campaigns in one structure, and with them the whole history of the Romanian oil industry: the manor of Dimitrie Hernia of around 1880–85, who sank the country’s first oil rigs on this ground; a summer garrison of the 4th Roșiori Regiment, then a spa hotel and casino; from 1899 the technical bureau, briefly the head office, of the largest oil company in Romania; extended eastward in 1904–06 under Deutsche Bank; a storey added in 1922–23; and rebuilt into its present form in 1941–42 after the 1940 earthquake, to a design by the architect Florica E. Dimitriu Apostoleanu, whose signature is incised into the travertine of the facade. The Petroleum Research Institute worked here from 1948 to 1989.

What is at stake is a colossal portico of paired cylindrical columns, unfluted and without capitals, faced in travertine under a wide projecting cornice slab — the official Romanian vocabulary of 1935–45, and most likely the only monumental architecture of this kind in Prahova county.

A planning certificate for demolition was issued in May 2026. The building is not on the Historic Monuments List, so until this week it could have been demolished lawfully. It is derelict, the roof is perforated and a fire in 2026 took about a quarter of the south wing’s roof — but the decay is the result of not maintaining it, and can be halted by ordinary works costing a fraction of what demolition would destroy. B.A.C.U. issued the alert at the request of the civic initiative group for the building.

Heritage alert 3 / 2026

Found something that is missing, demolished or altered? The maps are built to be corrected. Write to us through the contact page, or add the entry yourself from inside the Socialist Modernism app.

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